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Fibromyalgia, a multifaceted chronic condition marked by widespread pain, fatigue, and tenderness, often remains misunderstood. This guide is designed to answer your questions, such as "What is fibromyalgia?" and to shed light on the complexity of fibromyalgia symptoms and treatment options. With millions affected worldwide, understanding fibromyalgia, its plethora of symptoms, and its treatment is crucial for both patients and healthcare providers. The path to managing this condition starts with recognizing the symptoms and knowing the various fibromyalgia treatments, which encompass an array of options from medication to holistic approaches. Through this guide, we aim to empower you with knowledge and insight into fibromyalgia, helping to demystify this often elusive condition.
Fibromyalgia is a complex disorder that manifests in a variety of symptoms. It affects millions of people globally, bringing challenges not just in living with the condition but also in its diagnosis. While fibromyalgia symptoms can vary greatly from person to person, some commonalities provide healthcare providers with a framework for diagnosis.
However, the variability of fibromyalgia symptoms and their overlap with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis or delay in receiving the right treatment. Our guide is designed to provide clarity on these matters, offering insights into the journey from recognizing the symptoms to obtaining a definitive diagnosis.
Understanding fibromyalgia and its treatment options is a crucial part of managing this condition. Many fibromyalgia treatments exist, each designed to manage different aspects of the condition. These can range from fibromyalgia medication aimed at relieving pain and other symptoms to various therapies designed to improve quality of life.
This guide is intended to empower patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals with knowledge about fibromyalgia, offering a comprehensive look at fibromyalgia symptoms, treatments, and the latest research in the field. Together, we can demystify fibromyalgia and pave the way for better management and understanding of this complex condition.
Fibromyalgia is a confusing and tough condition that doctors still don't completely understand. People with fibromyalgia feel a lot of pain all over their bodies, have trouble sleeping, and often feel like they're in a fog—this is called "fibro fog"—where it's hard to remember things or concentrate. Both the body and the mind of the person are affected by this condition. Because of this, taking care of fibromyalgia needs a whole-body approach, looking after both the physical and mental health.
When we talk about fibromyalgia, we also have to talk about the brain and the body's nerves. This whole system is called the central nervous system. In people with fibromyalgia, their nerves might read pain signals louder than they should. This means even a small pinch could hurt a lot. Also, studies have found that people with fibromyalgia often have other conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS. This could mean that the brain and nerves are processing other body signals—like how the gut moves—in unusual ways, too.
It's not easy for doctors to figure out if someone has fibromyalgia. It involves lots of tests, like blood tests and X-rays, to make sure the pain isn't because of some other disease. Doctors also need to know about the patient's family history because fibromyalgia can run in families. They also look at risk factors or things that could increase the chance of getting fibromyalgia, like being a woman or having a mood disorder. There's a group called the American College of Rheumatology that provides a list of things doctors should look for when diagnosing fibromyalgia, which includes pain all over the body and specific spots that are extra sensitive to touch.
In addition to the main diagnostic criteria of widespread pain and tenderness, healthcare providers often use several additional tests to assist in diagnosing fibromyalgia. These assessments are beneficial not only for detecting the presence of fibromyalgia but also for ruling out other conditions that can present with similar symptoms.
It's important to note that no single test can definitively diagnose fibromyalgia, but the combination of these procedures can provide a comprehensive overview of a patient's health status and guide the treatment process. They can also help track the progression of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment strategies.
These supplementary tests can involve blood tests, radiological imaging, sleep studies, and more detailed evaluations of the affected bodily systems, providing a comprehensive picture that aids in the process of diagnosis and treatment planning.
Remember, the diagnosis of fibromyalgia is often a process of exclusion, and these additional tests are crucial in that process. Discussing these tests with your healthcare provider can help ensure a thorough evaluation and a correct diagnosis, paving the way for the most effective management of your symptoms.
One of the challenges in diagnosing fibromyalgia is that it shares symptoms with several other conditions, making it critical to rule these out before confirming a diagnosis. The Fibromyalgia Exclusion Panel is an array of tests used to identify conditions that could mimic or coexist with fibromyalgia, such as Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and thyroid disease.
The panel consists of:
The aim of this panel is to help healthcare providers make a definitive diagnosis and guide the most appropriate treatment strategy. It's important to remember that each patient is unique, and all these tests should be interpreted in the context of the individual's symptoms and medical history. Always consult with your healthcare provider to understand the implications of these test results.
Given the significant overlap in symptoms with many other conditions, the diagnosis of fibromyalgia can be challenging and time-consuming. It's essential to have a comprehensive evaluation and open communication with your healthcare provider to ensure an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan.
Fibromyalgia, a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, is often managed with a combination of medications, therapies, and lifestyle changes. Among the most common medications used for pain management in fibromyalgia are anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants like duloxetine and milnacipran, anticonvulsants like pregabalin, and, in some cases, opioids. Each of these medications functions to interfere with pain signals sent from the body to the brain, providing some level of pain relief.
Antidepressants like duloxetine and milnacipran have dual roles: they help alleviate the symptoms of depression often accompanying fibromyalgia and also influence how the brain perceives pain. Pregabalin, often used for nerve disorders, has been found effective in managing fibromyalgia symptoms.
Many fibromyalgia patients find relief with complementary therapies such as acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and physical activity. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) advocates for these complementary treatments, noting their effectiveness in easing chronic pain and improving quality of life.
Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine, stimulates specific points on the body and is believed to reduce pain. CBT, a type of psychological therapy, teaches patients to reinterpret pain signals and develop coping strategies to manage pain and stress. Physical activity, guided by a physical therapist, is also crucial in managing symptoms. Tai chi, a form of exercise combining movement and meditation, has been specifically noted for its effectiveness in managing fibromyalgia.
Fibromyalgia is one of many rheumatic diseases, conditions affecting the joints and soft tissues, causing chronic pain. It shares many symptoms with conditions like ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, making diagnosis a challenge. The care of a rheumatologist, a specialist in these types of diseases, is often critical in accurately diagnosing and treating fibromyalgia.
Fibromyalgia is often classified as a pain condition. Patients experience chronic, widespread pain that can be debilitating, affecting every aspect of their lives. Pain management, using pain relievers and other strategies, becomes a crucial part of the treatment plan.
Sleep problems are common in fibromyalgia. Patients often report difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or feeling rested after sleep. This lack of restorative sleep can exacerbate other symptoms, such as pain and fatigue.
Fibromyalgia often coexists with other chronic conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), migraines, and restless legs syndrome. In some cases, it may occur alongside more serious autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus. Chronic tiredness, common symptoms like constipation, and an increased risk of developing migraines all contribute to the complexity of managing fibromyalgia.
Fibromyalgia can be a complex and overwhelming condition to manage, but with a comprehensive treatment plan involving medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes, patients can lead a fulfilling life. The understanding and support of healthcare providers, family, and friends are crucial in helping manage the physical and mental challenges that come with fibromyalgia.
When it comes to managing fibromyalgia, nutrition can play an essential role. A balanced, nutrient-rich diet can provide energy, improve overall well-being, and may help manage symptoms. While no specific diet has been proven to cure fibromyalgia, many patients report that certain foods can trigger symptoms while others seem to alleviate them.
Just as individuals with fibromyalgia experience a unique combination of symptoms, they may also have different food triggers. Some common culprits include refined sugar, caffeine, alcohol, fried foods, dairy, and gluten.
Processed foods often contain additives and preservatives, which can exacerbate fibromyalgia symptoms. MSG (monosodium glutamate), a common food additive, has been linked to increased pain and fatigue in some people with fibromyalgia. Similarly, aspartame, an artificial sweetener, might worsen symptoms in some individuals.
Each person’s response to food can vary, so it’s important to pay attention to your body. Keeping a food diary, noting what you eat and any subsequent symptoms, can help identify personal food triggers.
On the flip side, some foods may help manage fibromyalgia symptoms. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can provide essential nutrients and help maintain steady energy levels.
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish like salmon, flaxseeds, and walnuts, have anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce pain. Similarly, foods high in antioxidants, such as berries, spinach, and nuts, can help combat oxidative stress, which has been linked to fibromyalgia.
Tryptophan, an amino acid found in foods like turkey, eggs, and cheese, can help promote sleep, a common issue for people with fibromyalgia. Additionally, incorporating probiotics and prebiotics found in foods like yogurt, sauerkraut, and asparagus may help promote a healthy gut, which is increasingly being linked to overall health and well-being.
Hydration plays a vital role in overall health and especially for those with fibromyalgia. Dehydration can cause fatigue, headaches, and muscle soreness - all common symptoms of fibromyalgia. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day can help keep these symptoms at bay. It's also essential to remember that certain beverages, such as those containing caffeine or alcohol, can lead to dehydration.
In conclusion, while diet alone may not cure fibromyalgia, a balanced, nutrient-rich diet can be a powerful tool in managing symptoms. It’s important to remember that each person’s experience with fibromyalgia is unique, and what works for one person might not work for another. Experiment with different foods, keep track of how they make you feel, and most importantly, seek advice from a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian to guide you in making dietary changes.
Living with fibromyalgia can be challenging, given its pervasive symptoms and impact on daily life. However, with the right coping strategies, people living with fibromyalgia can manage their symptoms, conserve energy, reduce stress, and maintain a positive outlook. Here are some practical strategies:
Pacing yourself is key to managing energy levels with fibromyalgia. This might involve breaking large tasks into smaller, manageable ones and taking regular breaks to rest and recharge. Some people find it helpful to prioritize activities and focus on the most important ones when energy levels are highest, typically in the morning.
Good sleep hygiene is also crucial in maintaining energy levels. Try to establish a consistent sleep schedule, create a restful sleep environment, and incorporate a calming pre-bed routine.
Physical activity, despite seeming counterintuitive when dealing with fatigue, can actually help boost energy levels and improve sleep. Incorporate gentle exercises such as walking, swimming, or tai chi into your routine. Always remember to start slow and gradually increase the intensity to avoid flare-ups.
Stress can exacerbate fibromyalgia symptoms. Thus, learning effective stress-management techniques is essential. These could include relaxation exercises, meditation, deep-breathing, yoga, or mindfulness practices.
Incorporating enjoyable activities into your routine can also help distract from pain and reduce stress. This could be reading, painting, gardening, or any hobby that brings you joy and relaxation.
Living with chronic pain can be mentally challenging. Maintaining a positive outlook becomes an essential part of managing fibromyalgia. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be a valuable tool in reshaping negative thought patterns and developing coping strategies for managing the psychological impact of fibromyalgia.
Connecting with others who are experiencing similar challenges can also be beneficial. Consider joining a local or online support group where you can share experiences, advice, and encouragement.
It's important to remember that you're not alone in this journey. Regularly consult with your healthcare provider to assess your symptoms and adjust your treatment plan as needed. Mental health professionals, such as psychologists or psychiatrists, can provide valuable tools for managing the emotional challenges associated with fibromyalgia.
Lastly, be patient with yourself. Living with fibromyalgia is a marathon, not a sprint. Celebrate small victories and remember that it's okay to have bad days. By embracing these strategies and remaining proactive in your care, you can effectively manage fibromyalgia and maintain a fulfilling life.
Fibromyalgia affects more women than men, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimating that about 80 to 90 percent of people diagnosed with fibromyalgia are women. This connection warrants a close look at how fibromyalgia intersects with specific women's health issues, such as menopause and pregnancy.
The hormonal changes that women experience during menopause can amplify fibromyalgia symptoms. The drop in estrogen levels during menopause can intensify pain, disrupt sleep, and contribute to mood swings, which can exacerbate the symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Additionally, both menopause and fibromyalgia can cause cognitive difficulties, commonly known as "brain fog," resulting in memory problems and difficulty concentrating.
It's crucial for women going through menopause to communicate with their healthcare provider about the changes they're experiencing in their fibromyalgia symptoms. Tailoring the treatment approach to account for these hormonal changes can help in managing symptoms during this transitional period.
Pregnancy can be a challenging time for women with fibromyalgia. Hormonal changes, increased weight, and physical stress of pregnancy can intensify fibromyalgia symptoms. Some studies suggest that fibromyalgia may increase the risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery, such as preterm labor and intrauterine growth restriction.
Moreover, the joy of welcoming a new baby can be overshadowed by the increased fatigue and pain experienced by women with fibromyalgia, making it hard to care for their newborn.
It's essential for pregnant women with fibromyalgia to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage symptoms. This can include regular prenatal care, a tailored exercise regimen, nutritional planning, adequate rest, and pain management strategies.
Understanding the intersection between fibromyalgia and women's health issues is key to better managing this condition. By closely monitoring symptoms and keeping an open line of communication with healthcare providers, women can navigate these life stages with greater ease and assurance.
It's important to keep in mind that each woman's experience with fibromyalgia is unique, and treatment plans should be individualized to their specific needs and circumstances. Comprehensive care, which includes the treatment of fibromyalgia symptoms and attention to the challenges presented by menopause and pregnancy, can enhance the quality of life for women living with this chronic condition.
The field of fibromyalgia research is dynamic, with scientists continually exploring the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for this complex condition. Here are some of the most recent developments:
Understanding the causes of fibromyalgia is a primary focus of research. Recent studies have focused on the role of the central nervous system and its abnormal processing of pain signals, which is believed to contribute to the chronic pain experienced by individuals with fibromyalgia.
Another exciting avenue of research involves genetic factors. Scientists are exploring the possibility that certain genes may make individuals more susceptible to developing fibromyalgia. While there isn't a single "fibromyalgia gene," a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to influence the onset and severity of the disease.
The cognitive difficulties often experienced by people with fibromyalgia, colloquially known as "fibro fog," have been a subject of recent research. Studies have shown that people with fibromyalgia may have more difficulty with tasks that require a lot of attention or mental processing. This research underscores the importance of managing cognitive symptoms as part of a comprehensive fibromyalgia treatment plan.
On the treatment front, researchers are investigating several promising approaches. For instance, some studies have suggested that a class of drugs called NMDA receptor antagonists, which affect the way the brain processes pain signals, may be effective in treating fibromyalgia.
Non-drug treatments are also a focus of research. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exercise programs, and mindfulness-based stress reduction techniques have all shown promise in managing fibromyalgia symptoms.
Research into complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, massage, and tai chi, is gaining momentum. For example, recent studies have suggested that tai chi, a gentle form of exercise that incorporates movement and mindfulness, may help reduce fibromyalgia symptoms and improve overall quality of life.
In conclusion, while fibromyalgia remains a challenging condition to manage, the future looks promising, thanks to ongoing research. Staying informed about the latest scientific developments can empower those living with fibromyalgia and their healthcare providers to make informed decisions about their care.
Living with fibromyalgia can be challenging, but you don't have to navigate this journey alone. A wealth of resources exist to provide support, education, and advocacy. Here are a few that may be of assistance:
Connecting with others who understand your experiences can be incredibly empowering. Support groups, both in-person and online, provide a platform to share stories, advice, and encouragement.
Educational resources can help you understand your condition, stay informed about new research, and better communicate with your healthcare provider.
Professional organizations can be a great source of information and advocacy. They often lead the way in research, education, and policy related to their focus condition.
Remember, while these resources can provide valuable information and support, they should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider about your symptoms and treatment options.
Mind-body techniques can be an essential part of a comprehensive approach to managing fibromyalgia. They offer an effective way to manage stress, reduce pain, improve sleep, and enhance overall well-being. Here are a few techniques that have been found to help:
Mindfulness involves focusing your attention on the present moment and accepting it without judgment. Regular practice of mindfulness can help reduce fibromyalgia pain and improve quality of life. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programs, which often include elements of meditation and yoga, have been found particularly beneficial.
Meditation is a practice of concentrated focus, often on a sound, object, movement, or attention itself, to increase awareness and relaxation. Regular meditation can help manage fibromyalgia symptoms by reducing stress, improving sleep, and promoting a better sense of well-being.
Yoga combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation to enhance physical fitness, reduce stress, and improve mental well-being. Studies have shown that yoga can help reduce fibromyalgia pain, enhance mood, and improve quality of life.
In addition to traditional treatments, many people with fibromyalgia find relief from alternative therapies. While these should not replace your primary treatment plan, they can complement it:
Massage can help reduce muscle tension, improve circulation, and increase relaxation, all of which can help relieve fibromyalgia pain. Be sure to work with a massage therapist familiar with fibromyalgia, as a too-intense massage could potentially exacerbate your symptoms.
Aromatherapy uses essential oils to promote health and well-being. While more research is needed, some people with fibromyalgia find that aromatherapy helps reduce anxiety and improve sleep.
Music therapy uses music to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs. It can be a useful tool in managing fibromyalgia, particularly in reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation.
Balancing work demands while managing fibromyalgia can be challenging. Here are some tips for maintaining productivity and reducing stress in the workplace:
Remember, it's crucial to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or therapy to manage your fibromyalgia. Each person's experience with fibromyalgia is unique, so it's essential to find what works best for you.
Living with fibromyalgia can be challenging not just for those diagnosed but also for their loved ones. Family members, friends, and caregivers play a critical role in supporting individuals with fibromyalgia, providing emotional support and helping manage daily tasks that can be difficult due to pain and fatigue. Here are some ways caregivers can provide meaningful support:
To provide effective support, it's crucial first to understand what fibromyalgia is. Educate yourself about the condition, its symptoms, treatments, and potential impacts on a person's life. Being knowledgeable about fibromyalgia will make it easier for you to empathize with your loved one's experience and communicate effectively with healthcare providers.
Chronic pain and fatigue can lead to frustration, anxiety, and depression. As a caregiver, offering a listening ear, empathy, and reassurance can go a long way. Encourage open conversations about their feelings and experiences.
Offer to attend medical appointments and help keep track of medications and treatments. Assist with exercises or physical therapy regimens prescribed by the healthcare provider. Encourage healthy lifestyle choices such as balanced nutrition, regular sleep, and gentle exercise.
Pain and fatigue can make daily tasks, from grocery shopping to cleaning, challenging. Offering help with these activities can alleviate stress and help conserve your loved one's energy for self-care and healing. Remember, it's important to ask before helping, as maintaining independence can be vital for a person's self-esteem and well-being.
Living with a chronic condition can sometimes lead to social isolation. Encourage your loved one to maintain friendships, hobbies, and activities they enjoy. This can include assisting them in attending social events or facilitating at-home visits with friends.
As a caregiver, remember to care for yourself too. Caregiver burnout can be a real concern. Make sure to take time for yourself, maintain your own social interactions, and manage your mental and physical health.
Q: What are usually the first signs of fibromyalgia?
A: The first signs of fibromyalgia can vary greatly from person to person. However, many people first notice a deep, widespread body pain that persists for more than three months. This pain is often accompanied by persistent fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive issues like difficulty concentrating, commonly known as "fibro fog."
Q: What are the three main symptoms of fibromyalgia?
A: The three main symptoms of fibromyalgia are:
Q: What is the trigger for fibromyalgia?
A: The exact cause of fibromyalgia is still unknown. However, it's believed that a variety of factors can trigger the disease, including genetics, infections, physical or emotional trauma, and possibly certain autoimmune diseases. Often, symptoms gradually accumulate with no single triggering event.
Q: What is fibromyalgia pain like?
A: Fibromyalgia pain is often described as a constant dull ache, typically arising from muscles. The pain is considered widespread when it occurs on both sides of the body and above and below the waist. It's often persistent, occurring daily and lasting for at least three months.
Q: How long does it take for the pain to start?
A: The onset of fibromyalgia pain varies from person to person. For some, the pain begins very suddenly, often following a physical trauma, surgery, or significant psychological stress. For others, symptoms accumulate gradually over time without a single triggering event.
Q: What other symptoms can accompany fibromyalgia?
A: Besides pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties, other symptoms can include headaches, depression, anxiety, problems with memory, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Some people also experience numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, sensitivity to noise, light or temperature, and restless legs syndrome.
Q: What can be done to help with fibromyalgia?
A: Fibromyalgia can be effectively managed through a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and alternative therapies. Medications like pain relievers, antidepressants, and anti-seizure drugs can help reduce symptoms. Regular physical activity, relaxation techniques, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep can also make a significant difference. In some cases, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help manage the impact of fibromyalgia on your life.
Q: How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?
A: There isn't a specific lab test to diagnose fibromyalgia. Doctors make a diagnosis based on your symptoms and a physical examination. They may also run tests to rule out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms. The American College of Rheumatology has established criteria for diagnosing fibromyalgia that includes widespread pain for at least three months and a certain level of severity of other symptoms such as fatigue, sleep problems, and cognitive issues.
Q: How common is fibromyalgia, and who is most at risk?
A: Fibromyalgia is a common condition affecting about 2-4% of people, more frequently women. Risk factors include a family history of fibromyalgia, a history of mental health issues like anxiety or depression, and a history of physical or emotional trauma.
Q: Can fibromyalgia symptoms come and go?
A: Yes, fibromyalgia symptoms can fluctuate over time, even from day to day. Some people have periods of severe symptoms that then subside, and others have constant symptoms.
Q: How does fibromyalgia affect a person's day-to-day life?
A: Fibromyalgia can have a significant impact on daily life. Chronic pain and fatigue can interfere with the ability to function at work or home. Additionally, fibromyalgia can impact mental health, leading to increased anxiety or depression.
Q: Can diet and nutrition play a role in managing fibromyalgia symptoms?
A: While there is no specific diet for fibromyalgia, eating a balanced, nutrient-rich diet can help overall health and may help manage symptoms. Some people find that certain foods trigger symptom flare-ups, so tracking diet and symptoms might be helpful.
Q: Are there any complementary or alternative therapies that can help manage fibromyalgia?
A: Some people find complementary therapies like acupuncture, massage, tai chi, or yoga helpful for managing fibromyalgia symptoms. Always talk to your healthcare provider before starting a new treatment approach.
Q: How does fibromyalgia relate to other rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus?
A: Fibromyalgia is a rheumatic condition, meaning it can cause pain and stiffness in the muscles and joints. However, unlike other rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, fibromyalgia doesn't cause inflammation or damage to the joints, muscles, or other tissues.
Q: What is the current state of research on fibromyalgia? Are there new treatments on the horizon?
A: Research on fibromyalgia is ongoing. Scientists are studying various aspects, including pain mechanisms, the role of genetics and the environment, and novel treatment approaches. New treatment options may become available as we gain a better understanding of the condition.
Q: How can exercise and physical therapy help manage fibromyalgia symptoms?
A: Regular exercise is one of the most effective treatments for fibromyalgia. It can help reduce pain, improve sleep, and boost overall well-being. Physical therapy can provide personalized exercise plans that consider individual abilities and limitations.
Q: How is fibromyalgia treated in the long term?
A: Long-term treatment for fibromyalgia typically involves a combination of medication, lifestyle modifications (like regular exercise and stress management), and sometimes complementary therapies. Treatment is typically personalized to the individual's symptoms and their severity.
Q: Can fibromyalgia lead to complications or other health conditions?
A: While fibromyalgia itself doesn't cause damage to the joints, muscles, or organs, it can significantly impact the quality of life. People with fibromyalgia are more likely to have other conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, migraines, and mental health disorders like depression and anxiety.
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