Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification

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The following is a list of what is included in the item above. Click the test(s) below to view what biomarkers are measured along with an explanation of what the biomarker is measuring.

Also known as: Antibody Screen RBC with Reflex to Identification Titer and Antigen Typing, Blood Type, RBC Antibody Screen, Type and Screen, Blood Type

Antibody Screen, Rbc

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The Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification test contains 1 test with 1 biomarker.

Brief Description: The Antibody Screen, RBC (Red Blood Cells) with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing is a comprehensive blood test designed to identify antibodies present in the blood that could react with red blood cells. This test is vital for ensuring safe blood transfusions and preventing adverse reactions.

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Whole Blood

Test Preparation: No preparation required

IMPORTANT THIS IS A REFLUX TEST

Additional test processing fees will be charged if initial results dictate Reflex (further) testing.

REFLUX TESTS & CHARGES
  • ANTIBODY PANEL X 1 charge $89.00 
  • ANTIBODY TITER X 1 charge $29 
  • ANTIGEN TYPE X 1 charge $39 
  • ANTIBODY PANEL X 2 charge $ 179.00

When and Why the Test May Be Ordered:

This test is ordered when a patient requires a blood transfusion, such as during surgery or due to a medical condition that results in anemia or other blood disorders. It's also conducted during pregnancy to detect antibodies that could affect the fetus. If a previous blood transfusion, pregnancy, or medical history indicates the potential for developing antibodies against certain blood types, this test becomes crucial.

What the Test Checks For: The test's primary purpose is to identify any antibodies in the patient's blood that could react with the donor's red blood cells during a transfusion. The test first screens for the presence of antibodies. If positive, it's reflexively followed by more detailed tests to identify the specific antibodies, determine their titer (concentration), and confirm the antigen typing of the patient's red blood cells.

Other Lab Tests That May Be Ordered Alongside:

When an Antibody Screen is ordered, it's often part of a broader evaluation for transfusion preparation or diagnosing certain hematological conditions. Here are some tests commonly ordered alongside it:

  1. ABO and Rh Typing:

    • Purpose: To determine the patient's blood type.
    • Why Is It Ordered: To identify the ABO blood group and Rh factor, which are crucial for matching donor and recipient blood in transfusions.

  2. Complete Blood Count (CBC):

    • Purpose: To evaluate overall blood health, including red and white blood cells, and platelets.
    • Why Is It Ordered: To assess the patient’s baseline blood counts, particularly if they are anemic or have other blood cell abnormalities.

  3. Direct Antiglobulin Test (Direct Coombs Test):

    • Purpose: To detect antibodies attached to the patient's red blood cells.
    • Why Is It Ordered: To diagnose hemolytic anemia and differentiate between immune-mediated causes and other types of anemia.

  4. Reticulocyte Count:

    • Purpose: To measure the number of young red blood cells in the blood.
    • Why Is It Ordered: To assess the bone marrow's response to anemia, particularly if a transfusion is being considered.

  5. Liver Function Test:

    • Purpose: To assess liver health.
    • Why Is It Ordered: Liver dysfunction can affect blood composition and the metabolism of transfused blood components.

  6. Kidney Function Test:

    • Purpose: To evaluate kidney function.
    • Why Is It Ordered: Kidney disease can have implications for blood volume regulation and anemia management.

  7. Iron Studies:

    • Purpose: To evaluate iron status.
    • Why Is It Ordered: To assess for iron deficiency or overload, which can affect red blood cell production and function.

These tests, when ordered alongside an Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, provide a comprehensive assessment of the patient's blood and transfusion needs. They are crucial for ensuring safe and effective transfusion, diagnosing underlying conditions, and managing patients with anemia or other blood disorders. The specific combination of tests will depend on the individual’s medical history, current condition, and the reason for transfusion.

Conditions or Diseases Requiring the Test:

  • Blood Transfusion: Before any blood transfusion, the patient's blood is tested for antibodies to ensure compatibility between the donor's and recipient's blood.

  • Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: In pregnancy, if the mother has developed antibodies against the fetus' blood type, it can lead to hemolytic disease in the newborn. This test helps assess the risk.

  • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: In some cases, individuals develop antibodies against their own red blood cells. This test helps identify the antibodies and determine appropriate treatment.

How Health Care Providers Use the Results:

  • Transfusion Safety: The results guide blood banks and healthcare providers in selecting compatible blood for transfusions, minimizing the risk of adverse reactions.

  • Pregnancy Management: If antibodies are detected during pregnancy, healthcare providers can closely monitor the fetus for signs of hemolytic disease and intervene if necessary.

  • Medical Management: For individuals with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the results help guide treatment decisions, such as selecting appropriate therapies to manage the condition.

In conclusion, the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test plays a pivotal role in ensuring safe blood transfusions and managing conditions related to blood type compatibility. By identifying antibodies and assessing their potential reactivity with donor blood, healthcare providers can make informed decisions that prioritize patient safety and well-being.

Most Common Questions About the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test:

Purpose and Applications

What is the main purpose of the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test?

The main purpose of this test is to detect and identify unexpected antibodies in the blood that may react with transfused red blood cells (RBCs). This screening helps prevent adverse transfusion reactions.

In what clinical situations is the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test typically performed?

This test is performed when preparing for blood transfusion, evaluating hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), and assessing autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).

Interpretation and Follow-up

How are the results of the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test interpreted?

A positive result indicates the presence of unexpected antibodies, which then leads to reflex testing for specific identification and titering. A negative result suggests no unexpected antibodies that would interfere with transfusion.

What is the importance of identifying the specific antibodies through the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test?

Identifying specific antibodies helps in selecting compatible blood units for transfusion and understanding possible risks like HDN. This detailed identification is crucial for patient safety.

What is the process of reflex to identification in the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test?

Reflex to identification involves further testing of a positive antibody screen to pinpoint the specific antibodies present. This may include panel testing using various reagent RBCs.

Integration with Other Tests

How does the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test integrate with other blood bank tests?

This test is often part of a battery of blood bank tests, including ABO typing and Rh typing. The results guide the selection of appropriate blood products for transfusion.

Clinical Impact and Implications

What are the implications of a positive Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test on blood transfusion?

A positive test indicates that specific compatible blood must be found for transfusion, and additional testing may be needed. It may also delay the transfusion process.

How does the Antibody Screen, RBC with Reflex to Identification, Titer, and Antigen Typing test contribute to the management of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

In cases of AIHA, the test may detect autoantibodies responsible for RBC destruction, helping guide treatment decisions and understand the underlying pathology.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.

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