Cortisol, A.M. Most Popular

The Cortisol, A.M. test contains 1 test with 1 biomarker.

Brief Description: A Cortisol AM (Morning Cortisol) test is a laboratory test that measures the level of cortisol hormone in the blood in the morning. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and plays a crucial role in regulating various body functions, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response.

Important: Patient needs to have the specimen collected between 7 a.m.-9 a.m.

Also Known As: Cortisol AM Test, Cortisol Total Test, Cortisol Test, Cortisol Blood Test

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Serum

Test Preparation: Specimen must be drawn between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m. Test is not recommended for patients receiving prednisone/prednisolone therapy due to cross reactivity with the antibody used in this test.

When is a Cortisol AM test ordered?

A Cortisol AM test may be ordered in the following situations:

1. Assessment of Adrenal Function: If a patient exhibits symptoms suggestive of adrenal insufficiency or adrenal overactivity, such as fatigue, weight loss or gain, mood changes, or abnormal blood pressure, a Cortisol AM test may be ordered to evaluate adrenal gland function.

2. Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome: Cushing's syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive cortisol production. A Cortisol AM test may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis by assessing elevated cortisol levels in the morning.

3. Monitoring Corticosteroid Therapy: For patients receiving corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone, a Cortisol AM test helps monitor the effectiveness of treatment and ensure that cortisol levels are within the desired range.

What does a Cortisol AM blood test check for?

Cortisol is a hormone that plays a function in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. It has an effect on blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and immune system regulation. Only a small fraction of cortisol in the blood is "free" and biologically active; the majority is attached to a protein. Cortisol is a hormone that is produced into the urine and found in the saliva. This test determines how much cortisol is present in the blood, urine, or saliva.

Cortisol levels in the blood usually rise and fall in a pattern known as "diurnal variation." It reaches its highest point early in the morning, then gradually decreases over the day, reaching its lowest point around midnight. When a person works irregular shifts and sleeps at different times of the day, this rhythm might fluctuate, and it can be disrupted when a disease or condition inhibits or stimulates cortisol production.

The adrenal glands, two triangle organs that sit on top of the kidneys, generate and emit cortisol. The hypothalamus in the brain and the pituitary gland, a small organ below the brain, control the hormone's production. The hypothalamus produces corticotropin-releasing hormone when blood cortisol levels drop, which tells the pituitary gland to create ACTH. The adrenal glands are stimulated by ACTH to generate and release cortisol. A certain amount of cortisol must be produced for normal adrenal, pituitary gland, and brain function.

Cushing syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms associated with an unusually high cortisol level. Cortisol production may be increased as a result of:

• Large doses of glucocorticosteroid hormones are given to treat a range of ailments, including autoimmune illness and certain cancers.
• Tumors that produce ACTH in the pituitary gland and/or other regions of the body.
• Cortisol production by the adrenal glands is increased as a result of a tumor or abnormal expansion of adrenal tissues.

Rarely, CRH-producing malignancies in various regions of the body.

Cortisol production may be reduced as a result of:

• Secondary adrenal insufficiency is caused by an underactive pituitary gland or a pituitary gland tumor that prevents ACTH production.
• Primary adrenal insufficiency, often known as Addison disease, is characterized by underactive or injured adrenal glands that limit cortisol production.

After quitting glucocorticosteroid hormone medication, especially if it was abruptly stopped after a long time of use.

Lab tests often ordered with a Cortisol AM test:

When a Cortisol AM test is ordered, it's often part of an evaluation for conditions like Cushing's syndrome (where cortisol is high) or Addison's disease (where cortisol is low). Several other tests are commonly ordered alongside a Cortisol AM test for a comprehensive evaluation:

1. Cortisol PM:

   • Purpose: Measures the level of cortisol in the blood in the evening, when it's normally lower.
   • Why Is It Ordered: To compare morning and evening cortisol levels. In healthy individuals, cortisol levels decrease throughout the day. Abnormal patterns can indicate disorders in adrenal or pituitary function.

2. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) Test:

   • Purpose: ACTH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates cortisol production.
   • Why Is It Ordered: To help determine whether abnormal cortisol levels are due to a problem with the adrenal glands (where cortisol is made) or the pituitary gland (which regulates cortisol production).

3. Dexamethasone:

   • Purpose: Checks how taking a steroid (dexamethasone) affects cortisol production.
   • Why Is It Ordered: To help diagnose Cushing's syndrome and differentiate between different types of Cushing's syndrome and other conditions causing elevated cortisol.

4. Electrolytes:

   • Purpose: To measure the levels of key electrolytes in the blood.
   • Why Is It Ordered: Cortisol can affect fluid and electrolyte balance; abnormalities might indicate a problem with adrenal function.

5. Renin and Aldosterone Tests:

   • Purpose: To measure levels of renin and aldosterone, hormones that help regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.
   • Why Is It Ordered: These tests can be useful in evaluating adrenal function and differentiating between various adrenal and renal disorders.

6. Blood Glucose:

   • Purpose: To measure the level of sugar in the blood.
   • Why Is It Ordered: Cortisol affects glucose metabolism, and abnormalities in cortisol levels can lead to changes in blood sugar levels.

7. Complete Blood Count (CBC):

   • Purpose: To provide a general overview of health and detect conditions such as anemia.
   • Why Is It Ordered: Chronic stress and cortisol imbalances can affect the immune system and blood cell production.

8. Thyroid Function Tests (TSH, Free T3, Free T4):

   • Purpose: To assess thyroid function.
   • Why Is It Ordered: Thyroid and adrenal glands can affect each other's function, and symptoms of thyroid disorders can sometimes mimic those of adrenal disorders.

These tests, when ordered alongside a Cortisol AM test, provide a comprehensive view of an individual’s adrenal function and help in diagnosing disorders related to cortisol production. The specific tests chosen depend on the individual’s symptoms, medical history, and the results of the initial cortisol test.

Conditions where a Cortisol AM test is recommended:

A Cortisol AM test may be ordered in the following conditions or diseases:

1. Adrenal Insufficiency: Adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol. Measuring morning cortisol levels can help diagnose this condition.

2. Cushing's Syndrome: Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excessive cortisol production. The Cortisol AM test helps confirm the diagnosis by detecting elevated cortisol levels in the morning.

3. Adrenal Tumors: Adrenal tumors, such as adrenal adenomas or adrenal carcinomas, can affect cortisol production. A Cortisol AM test may be used to assess cortisol levels and aid in the diagnosis.

How does my healthcare provider use a Cortisol AM test?

Healthcare providers use the results of a Cortisol AM test to:

1. Diagnose Adrenal Disorders: Abnormal cortisol levels can help diagnose adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, or other adrenal disorders.

2. Monitor Corticosteroid Therapy: For patients on corticosteroid medications, the Cortisol AM test helps ensure that cortisol levels are within the desired therapeutic range.

3. Guide Treatment Decisions: The results, along with the patient's clinical presentation and other diagnostic tests, assist healthcare providers in determining the appropriate treatment approach for adrenal-related conditions.

It's important to note that the interpretation of Cortisol AM test results should be done by qualified healthcare professionals, considering the patient's medical history, symptoms, and other relevant factors.

What do my Cortisol AM test results mean?

Cortisol levels are typically lowest before bedtime and highest shortly after awakening, though this pattern can be disrupted if a person works rotating shifts and sleeps at various times on separate days.

Excess cortisol and Cushing syndrome are indicated by an increased or normal cortisol level shortly after awakening, as well as a level that does not diminish by bedtime. If the excess cortisol is not suppressed after an overnight dexamethasone suppression test, the 24-hour urine cortisol is elevated, or the late-night salivary cortisol level is elevated, the excess cortisol is likely due to abnormal increased ACTH production by the pituitary or a tumor outside of the pituitary, or abnormal production by the adrenal glands. Additional tests will aid in determining the root of the problem.

If the subject of the examination reacts to an ACTH stimulation test and has insufficient cortisol levels, the issue is most likely brought on by the pituitary's insufficient production of ACTH. The adrenal glands are most likely the source of the issue if the subject does not react to the ACTH stimulation test.

An additional test, like as a CT scan, may be used by the medical professional to evaluate the degree of any gland damage once an irregularity has been identified and related to the pituitary gland, the adrenal glands, or another cause.

Most Common Questions About the Cortisol AM test:

Understanding the Test

What is the Cortisol AM test?

The Cortisol AM test is a blood test that measures the level of cortisol, a steroid hormone, in your blood in the morning when cortisol levels are at their peak.

Why is the Cortisol AM test performed?

The test is performed to check for conditions that can alter the normal cortisol secretion pattern, such as Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, and adrenal insufficiency. It's also ordered when an individual has symptoms suggestive of these disorders.

Interpreting the Results

What do the results of a Cortisol AM test mean?

The results show the level of cortisol in your blood in the morning. The normal range varies but is typically between 6 and 23 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL). Higher or lower levels can suggest various conditions that affect cortisol production.

What is the normal range for the Cortisol AM test?

The normal range varies between laboratories but is generally between 6 and 23 mcg/dL in the morning.

Understanding the Implications

What conditions can cause abnormal Cortisol AM test results?

Abnormal results can be caused by various conditions. High levels can be due to Cushing's syndrome, chronic stress, obesity, or certain medications. Low levels can be seen in Addison's disease, hypopituitarism, or adrenal insufficiency.

What are the implications of low Cortisol AM test results?

Low cortisol levels can indicate Addison's disease or adrenal insufficiency. Symptoms of low cortisol include fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

What are the implications of high Cortisol AM test results?

High cortisol levels can suggest Cushing's syndrome. Symptoms can include weight gain, especially around the abdomen, face, and upper back, thinning skin, and pink or purple stretch marks.

Risks and Precautions

What factors can affect the accuracy of a Cortisol AM test?

Several factors can affect the accuracy of this test. These include physical stress, emotional stress, and certain medications like synthetic glucocorticoids.

Dealing with Abnormal Results

What should be the next steps if the Cortisol AM test results are abnormal?

If your results are abnormal, your healthcare provider will likely conduct further testing to confirm a diagnosis. This might include additional cortisol tests, ACTH stimulation tests, or imaging studies.

Interpreting the Test Results

How can I interpret my Cortisol AM test results?

Your healthcare provider will interpret your results, considering your symptoms and other medical information. High values may indicate conditions like Cushing's syndrome, while low values may suggest Addison's disease or adrenal insufficiency.

Understanding the Importance of the Test

Why is a Cortisol AM test important?

A Cortisol AM test is important as it can help diagnose conditions that affect cortisol production. These conditions can have significant health impacts if left untreated.

Discussion with Healthcare Provider

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider after receiving the Cortisol AM test results?

You should discuss the implications of your results, possible causes of abnormal results, and potential next steps, which might include further testing or treatment.

Relationship with Other Tests

Why might a healthcare provider order a Cortisol AM test with other hormone tests?

Cortisol is one of many hormones that regulate the body's functions. If you're having symptoms of a hormonal imbalance, your healthcare provider might want to check levels of other hormones to get a more comprehensive view of your hormone health.

Understanding the Test Components

Why does the Cortisol AM test measure cortisol levels in the morning?

Cortisol levels are highest in the morning and lowest around midnight, following the body's natural circadian rhythm. Measuring morning cortisol levels can help healthcare providers detect abnormalities in this cycle.

Beyond the Test

Can a Cortisol AM test detect chronic stress?

Chronic stress can cause elevated cortisol levels. However, many factors can influence cortisol levels, so this test alone isn't sufficient to diagnose chronic stress.

What are some common symptoms of cortisol imbalance?

Symptoms of high cortisol can include rapid weight gain, muscle weakness, mood swings, and high blood pressure. Symptoms of low cortisol can include chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

Comparison with Other Tests

How does a Cortisol AM test compare with a Cortisol PM test?

The Cortisol AM test measures cortisol levels in the morning, when they're typically highest, while the Cortisol PM test measures levels in the evening, when they're typically lower. Together, these tests can give a comprehensive view of the body's cortisol cycle.

Potential Next Steps

What are some treatment options if my Cortisol AM test results are abnormal?

Treatment options depend on the cause of the abnormal results. High cortisol might be treated with medication to lower cortisol production or surgery to remove a tumor causing excess production. Low cortisol is typically treated with hormone replacement therapy.

Additional Information

What role does cortisol play in the body?

Cortisol plays a crucial role in many bodily functions. It helps regulate metabolism and immune response, assists with memory formulation, and helps the body respond to stress.

Are there other ways to test for cortisol levels aside from blood tests?

Yes, cortisol levels can also be measured in urine and saliva. These tests might be used if your healthcare provider needs information on your cortisol levels throughout the day.

What is an ACTH stimulation test and how does it relate to a Cortisol AM test?

An ACTH stimulation test measures the adrenal glands' response to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates cortisol production. If the Cortisol AM test results are abnormal, an ACTH stimulation test may be done to determine the cause.

What are some natural ways to regulate my cortisol levels if my Cortisol AM test shows an imbalance?

Lifestyle changes can help regulate cortisol levels. This includes a healthy diet, regular exercise, good sleep hygiene, and stress management techniques like mindfulness and yoga.

What are the potential complications if a cortisol imbalance goes untreated?

Untreated cortisol imbalances can lead to a variety of health problems, depending on whether cortisol is high or low. High cortisol can lead to conditions like Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, and high blood pressure, while low cortisol can result in Addison's disease, which can be life-threatening.

Can I just take a cortisol supplement if my Cortisol AM test levels are low?

While cortisol supplements exist, they should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare provider due to the potential side effects and the risk of exacerbating the underlying issue causing low cortisol.

Why is cortisol called the "stress hormone"?

Cortisol is called the "stress hormone" because it's released in response to stress and low blood glucose. It helps the body react to stressful situations by increasing glucose in the bloodstream, enhancing the brain's use of glucose, and the availability of substances that repair tissues.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.