CVD-2. High Cholesterol Testing

The following is a list of what is included in the item above. Click the test(s) below to view what biomarkers are measured along with an explanation of what the biomarker is measuring.

Apolipoprotein A1

Apolipoprotein B

Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio

Also known as: C-Reactive Protein, Cardio CRP, Cardio hs-CRP, CRP, High Sensitivity CRP, High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein, High-sensitivity CRP, Highly Sensitive CRP, hsCRP, Ultra-sensitive CRP

Hs Crp

A high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) test may be used by itself, in combination with other cardiac risk markers, or in combination with a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) test that evaluates vascular inflammation. The hs-CRP test accurately detects low concentrations of C-reactive protein to help predict a healthy person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). High-sensitivity CRP is promoted by some as a test for determining a person's risk level for CVD, heart attacks, and strokes. The current thinking is that hs-CRP can play a role in the evaluation process before a person develops one of these health problems.

Also known as: Lipid Panel with Ratios (fasting), Lipid Profile with Ratios (fasting), Lipids

Chol/HDLC Ratio

Cholesterol, Total

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that occurs naturally in all parts of the body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much in your blood, it can combine with other substances in the blood and stick to the walls of your arteries. This is called plaque. Plaque can narrow your arteries or even block them. High levels of cholesterol in the blood can increase your risk of heart disease. Your cholesterol levels tend to rise as you get older. There are usually no signs or symptoms that you have high blood cholesterol, but it can be detected with a blood test. You are likely to have high cholesterol if members of your family have it, if you are overweight or if you eat a lot of fatty foods. You can lower your cholesterol by exercising more and eating more fruits and vegetables. You also may need to take medicine to lower your cholesterol.

HDL Cholesterol

LDL-Cholesterol

LDL/HDL Ratio

Non HDL Cholesterol

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are a form of fat and a major source of energy for the body. This test measures the amount of triglycerides in the blood. Most triglycerides are found in fat (adipose) tissue, but some triglycerides circulate in the blood to provide fuel for muscles to work. After a person eats, an increased level of triglycerides is found in the blood as the body converts the energy not needed right away into fat. Triglycerides move via the blood from the gut to adipose tissue for storage. In between meals, triglycerides are released from fat tissue to be used as an energy source for the body. Most triglycerides are carried in the blood by lipoproteins called very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High levels of triglycerides in the blood are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the reason for this is not well understood. Certain factors can contribute to high triglyceride levels and to risk of CVD, including lack of exercise, being overweight, smoking cigarettes, consuming excess alcohol, and medical conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease.

Also known as: Lipoprotein A, Lp (a), Lp(a)

Lipoprotein (A)

Lipoprotein-a, or Lp(a) are molecules made of proteins and fat. They carry cholesterol and similar substances through the blood. A high level of Lp(a) is considered a risk factor for heart disease. High levels of lipoproteins can increase the risk of heart disease. The test is done to check your risk of atherosclerosis, stroke, and heart attack.

Also known as: Ion Mobility, Cardio IQ Lipoprotein Fractionation, Ion Mobility , HDL Subfractions, IDL Subfractions, LDL Subfractions, Lipoprotein Fraction, Lipoprotein Fractionation, Lipoprotein Fractionation Ion Mobility Cardio IQ, Quest Diagnostics has replaced the VAP® Cholesterol Test with Lipoprotein Fractionation, Ion Mobility, Cardio IQ™ test

HDL Large

LDL Medium

LDL Particle Number

LDL Pattern

LDL Peak Size

LDL Small

Also known as: Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, VLDL, VLDL-C

Cholesterol, Very Low

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are a form of fat and a major source of energy for the body. This test measures the amount of triglycerides in the blood. Most triglycerides are found in fat (adipose) tissue, but some triglycerides circulate in the blood to provide fuel for muscles to work. After a person eats, an increased level of triglycerides is found in the blood as the body converts the energy not needed right away into fat. Triglycerides move via the blood from the gut to adipose tissue for storage. In between meals, triglycerides are released from fat tissue to be used as an energy source for the body. Most triglycerides are carried in the blood by lipoproteins called very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High levels of triglycerides in the blood are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the reason for this is not well understood. Certain factors can contribute to high triglyceride levels and to risk of CVD, including lack of exercise, being overweight, smoking cigarettes, consuming excess alcohol, and medical conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease.
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The CVD-2. High Cholesterol Testing panel contains 6 tests with 20 biomarkers.

Brief Description: The CVD-2 High Cholesterol Testing panel is an advanced diagnostic tool designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular health and risks associated with cholesterol levels and other significant markers. This panel includes tests for Apolipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein B, hs-CRP, a Lipid Panel with Ratios, Lipoprotein (A), Cardio IQ™ Lipoprotein Fractionation, Ion Mobility, and VLDL Cholesterol. This panel is designed for individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease, providing a deeper insight into lipid profiles and inflammatory markers.

Collection Method: Blood Draw

Specimen Type: Serum

Test Preparation: Fasting for at least 12 hours is required.

When and Why the CVD-2 Panel May Be Ordered

The CVD-2 High Cholesterol Testing panel may be ordered for individuals with a known risk of cardiovascular disease, including those with a family history of heart disease, high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, or obesity. It's also recommended for patients who require a more detailed lipid analysis beyond the basic lipid panel, particularly if initial tests indicate elevated risk or if the patient has a complex health profile involving cardiovascular concerns.

What the CVD-2 Panel Checks For

  • Apolipoprotein A1: This protein is a major component of HDL ("good") cholesterol and is involved in the transport and metabolism of lipids. High levels are generally associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

  • Apolipoprotein B: ApoB is present in LDL ("bad") cholesterol and other atherogenic lipoproteins. High levels of ApoB are associated with a greater risk of heart disease.

  • hs-CRP: This test measures high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation in the body. Elevated hs-CRP levels are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events.

  • Lipid Panel with Ratios: This comprehensive test evaluates total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and the ratios among these values, providing a broad overview of cardiovascular risk.

  • Lipoprotein (A): Lp(a) is a lipoprotein associated with LDL cholesterol. High levels can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease independently of other lipid levels.

  • Cardio IQ™ Lipoprotein Fractionation, Ion Mobility: This advanced test separates lipoproteins into subfractions, providing a detailed view of the size and density of cholesterol particles, which can influence cardiovascular risk.

  • VLDL Cholesterol: VLDL cholesterol is a type of lipoprotein that carries triglycerides in the blood. High levels can contribute to the development of plaque in the arteries.

Expanding Your Cardiovascular Health Understanding

While the CVD-2 High Cholesterol Testing panel offers a comprehensive evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors, the CVD-3 and CVD-4 panels provide even more detailed insights for individuals seeking the utmost clarity on their cardiovascular health.

CVD-3 High Cholesterol Testing Panel

The CVD-3 panel enhances the CVD-2 panel by adding the Direct LDL and LP PLA2 Activity tests. Direct LDL offers a precise measurement of LDL cholesterol, crucial for individuals with high triglycerides. LP PLA2 Activity provides insight into vascular inflammation, further refining cardiovascular risk assessment.

CVD-4 High Cholesterol Testing Panel

The CVD-4 panel is the most advanced, incorporating the Cardio IQ™ ApoE Genotype test, which identifies genetic variants associated with differing responses to dietary fat and risk of developing heart disease. This genetic insight, combined with the comprehensive lipid and inflammation markers, offers a personalized approach to cardiovascular health management.

Conditions Detected by the CVD-2 Panel

The CVD-2 High Cholesterol Testing panel can help in the detection and management of several conditions:

  • Cardiovascular Disease: By providing a detailed lipid profile and identifying inflammatory markers, the panel helps in assessing the risk for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and stroke.

  • Lipid Disorders: The panel can identify specific abnormalities in lipid metabolism, such as elevated Lp(a) or imbalances in ApoA1 and ApoB levels, which can influence treatment strategies.

Using CVD-2 Panel Results in Treatment and Monitoring

Healthcare professionals use the CVD-2 High Cholesterol Testing panel results to:

  • Tailor Lipid-Lowering Therapies: Detailed lipid subfraction and apolipoprotein levels guide the choice of statins, fibrates, niacin, or other medications.

  • Refine Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: The inclusion of hs-CRP and Lp(a) allows for a more nuanced risk stratification, influencing preventive measures and lifestyle recommendations.

The CVD-2 High Cholesterol Testing panel stands out as a valuable tool for individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease, offering a detailed analysis of lipid levels, inflammatory markers, and lipoprotein subfractions. This panel aids in the early detection and comprehensive management of cardiovascular risks, guiding personalized treatment plans and lifestyle modifications to improve heart health. For those seeking the most thorough cardiovascular assessment, the CVD-3 and CVD-4 panels offer additional tests that further enhance understanding and management of cardiovascular disease risk.

We advise having your results reviewed by a licensed medical healthcare professional for proper interpretation of your results.

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